When a device connects to a WPA-PSK Wi-Fi network, something known as the “four-way handshake” is performed.
RELATED: How an Attacker Could Crack Your Wireless Network Security
An attacker will have to guess a password and attempt to log into the WI-Fi network with it, so they certainly can’t guess millions of times per second. We tend to think of Wi-Fi as being only vulnerable to the online attack. (Apple’s iCloud wasn’t rate-limiting password guesses in this way, and that helped lead to the huge theft of nude celebrity photos.) Because they don’t have access to the raw data they can attempt to match passwords against, they’re limited dramatically. They could guess a few passwords and then Gmail would block them from trying any more passwords for a while. For example, imagine an attacker were trying to gain access to your Gmail account. They do this via “ brute-forcing” - literally attempting to guess many different possibilities and hoping one will match.Īn online attack is much more difficult and takes much, much longer. Clearly, with access to a password database offline, an attacker can attempt to crack a password much more easily. They can guess millions of times per second, and they’re only really limited by how fast their computing hardware is.
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For example, if an attacker managed to access and download a password database full of hashed passwords, they could then attempt to crack those passwords. In an offline attack, an attacker has a file with data they can attempt to crack. There are two types of ways to potentially crack a password, generally referred to as offline and online. RELATED: Brute-Force Attacks Explained: How All Encryption is Vulnerable
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